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Fetal Intervention Procedures

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Amniocentesis

A prenatal diagnostic procedure where a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac to withdraw fluid for genetic, chromosomal, and infection testing. It helps detect conditions like Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and infections. Typically performed after 15 weeks of pregnancy under ultrasound guidance to ensure fetal safety.

Cordocentesis

Also called percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), this procedure involves extracting fetal blood from the umbilical cord to diagnose genetic disorders, infections, or anemia. It is performed under ultrasound guidance after 18 weeks of pregnancy and may also be used for intrauterine transfusions in cases of fetal anemia

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

A prenatal test where a sample of placental tissue is taken via the abdomen or cervix to detect genetic disorders early in pregnancy. Performed between 10-13 weeks, it helps diagnose chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome but carries a slightly higher risk of miscarriage compared to amniocentesis.

Liver Biopsy

A diagnostic procedure where a small sample of liver tissue is extracted using a needle to assess liver diseases like hepatitis, cirrhosis, or cancer. It helps determine disease severity, guiding treatment decisions. Performed through percutaneous, transjugular, or laparoscopic methods, depending on the patient’s condition and bleeding risks.

Cutaneous Biopsy

A skin biopsy procedure where a small tissue sample is removed for diagnosing dermatological conditions, infections, or cancers. Techniques include shave, punch, or excisional biopsy, depending on lesion depth. It helps identify conditions like melanoma, psoriasis, and bacterial or fungal infections for accurate treatment planning.

Coelocentesis

An early prenatal diagnostic procedure where a needle aspirates coelomic fluid from the extraembryonic cavity to analyze fetal genetic material. Typically performed in the first trimester (6-9 weeks), it provides earlier genetic screening than amniocentesis but is less commonly used due to technical challenges and higher risks.